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The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) is a funding and authorization bill to govern United States federal surface transportation spending. It was passed by Congress on June 29, 2012, and President Barack Obama signed it on July 6.〔(Congress Approves a $127 Billion Transportation and Student Loan Package - NY Times )〕〔(Obama signs student loans, highway jobs bill - Political Hotsheet - CBS News )〕 The vote was 373–52 in the House of Representatives and 74–19 in the United States Senate; only Republicans voted against the bill. The $105 billion, two-year bill does not significantly alter total funding from the previous authorization, but it does include many significant reforms. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that enacting MAP-21 will reduce the federal budget deficit over the 2012–2022 period by $16.3 billion.〔(CBO | H.R. 4348, MAP-21 )〕 Several unrelated provisions were attached to the bill: A one-year extension of federal student loan rates through June 30, 2013; a five-year reauthorization of the national flood insurance program through 2017; a one-year extension to the Secure Rural Schools Act, which compensates rural counties for loss of revenue caused by reduced timber harvest on federal lands. The bill also contains a provision allowing the State Department to revoke, deny or limit passports for anyone the Internal Revenue Service certifies as having "a seriously delinquent tax debt in an amount in excess of $50,000." ==Key provisions== * The number of funding programs is consolidated by two-thirds.〔(Highway bill conference report released - The Hill's Transportation Report )〕 * The environmental review process is reformed in an effort to speed up project development. More projects will be categorically excluded from review, and there will be a four-year review deadline enforced with financial penalties.〔(Final Transportation Bill Includes Provisions To Streamline Environmental Review Pro... | Bloomberg BNA )〕〔(Analysis: Cutting Red Tape In Transportation Bill Means Cutting You Out Of The Environmental Review Process | ThinkProgress )〕 (In 2011 the average review took 8.1 years.)〔Petra Todorovich and Daniel Schned. (Getting Infrastructure Going: Expediting the Environmental Review Process. ) Regional Plan Association. 2012.〕 * Funding for bicycle and pedestrian transportation is reduced and consolidated into a broader program called "Transportation Alternatives." Half of this funding will go to metropolitan planning organizations and the other half will go to states, which may choose to use the funds for other purposes. Bicycle and pedestrian advocates were highly critical of this change, anticipating a 60-70% drop in funding.〔(Bicyclists oppose 'bad bill for biking and walking' in highway funding compromise - The Hill's Transportation Report )〕 * A national freight policy will be developed. * Tolling on federal highways is reformed. Mainstream tolling is now easier to implement in regards to new highways and expansion and repairs to existing ones. Also, electronic toll collection facilities have until October 1, 2016 to establish a nationwide interoperability agreement.〔(A Summary of Highway Provisions - MAP-21 - Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century | Federal Highway Administration )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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